Which of the following processes are spontaneous?

a. H₃O⁺(aq) + Cl^-(aq) ---> HCl(aq) + H₂O(l)
b. CH₄(g) + 2 O₂(g) ---> CO₂(g) + 2 H₂O(g)
c. NaCl(s) + H₂O(l) ---> Na⁺(aq, 1M) + Cl^- (aq, 1 M)
d. AgCl(s) + H₂O(l) ---> Ag⁺(aq, 1 M) + Cl^-(aq, 1 M)

For which of the following is G > 0?

a. HC₂H₃O₂(aq) + H₂O(l) <==> H₃O⁺(aq) + C₂H₃O₂^-(aq)
b. Br₂(l) ---> Br₂(s) at 25°C
c. 2 Na(s) + Cl₂(g) ---> 2 NaCl(s)

H_fusion of ethanol is 5.01 kJ/mol, and its melting point is -114°C. What is S for s ---> l at the melting point?

Use thermodynamic data in the appendix of your text to determine G° for the process below at 298 K.

4 NH₃(g) + 5 O₂(g) ---> 4 NO(g) + 6 H₂O(g)

For 2 NaHCO₃(s) <==> Na₂CO₃(s) + CO₂(g) + H₂O(g), K_p = 0.23 at 100°C. What is G° at this temperature?

Find K_eq for the process CH₃CH₂OH(l) ---> C₂H₄(g)+ H₂O(l) at 298 K.

Find K_eq at 500 K for CO(g) + 2 H₂(g) <==> CH₃OH(g).

The reaction below is nonspontaneous at 25°C. Which of the following reactions could be coupled with this reaction to make the production of iron spontaneous?

2 Fe₂O₃(s) ---> 4 Fe(s) + 3 O₂(g)

"In a spontaneous process the entropy of the universe increases" is a statement of the

Consider the reaction:

N₂O₄(g) <==> 2 NO₂(g)

K_eq = 0.1134 at 20°C, and the change in enthalpy of the reaction is 58.03 kJ/mol. What is K_eq for this reaction at 400 K?