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Match the following terms:
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Using the pulldown boxes, match each item on the left to the corresponding item at right.
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Psychology |
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Scientific method |
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Hypotheses |
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Theory |
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Functionalist theory |
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Structuralism |
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Psychodynamic theories |
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Behaviorism |
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Humanistic psychology |
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Gestalt psychology |
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a.
| School of psychology that emphasizes nonverbal experience and altered states of consciousness as a means of realizing one’s full human potential.
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b.
| Systematic explanation of a phenomenon; it organizes known facts, allows us to predict new facts, and permits us to exercise a degree of control over the phenomenon.
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c.
| School of psychology that stressed the basic units of experience and the combinations in which they occur.
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d.
| An approach to knowledge that relies on collecting data, generating a theory to explain the data, producing testable hypotheses based on the theory, and testing those hypotheses empirically.
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e.
| School of psychology that studies how people perceive and experience objects as whole patterns.
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f.
| Personality theories contending that behavior results from psychological forces that interact within the individual, often outside conscious awareness.
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g.
| Specific, testable predictions derived from a theory.
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h.
| The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
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i.
| Theory of mental life and behavior that is concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to function in its environment.
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j.
| School of psychology that studies only observable and measurable behavior.
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Match the following terms:
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Using the pulldown boxes, match each item on the left to the corresponding item at right.
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Cognitive psychology |
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Evolutionary psychology |
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Positive psychology |
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Gender |
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Gender roles |
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Gender stereotypes |
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Race |
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Sexual orientation |
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Ethnic group |
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Culture |
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a.
| The psychological and social meanings attached to being biologically male or female. Often used interchangeably with one’s biological makeup or sex.
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b.
| An approach to, and subfield of, psychology that is concerned with the evolutionary origins of behaviors and mental processes, their adaptive value, and the purposes they continue to serve.
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c.
| Behaviors that we expect each gender to engage in.
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d.
| School of psychology devoted to the study of mental processes in the broadest sense.
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e.
| Refers to the direction of one’s sexual interest toward members of the same sex, the other sex, or both sexes.
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f.
| A category of people who have migrated to another country but still see themselves as distinctive because of a common background.
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g.
| An emerging field of psychology that focuses on positive experiences, including subjective well-being, self-determination, the relationship between positive emotions and physical health, and the factors that allow individuals, communities, and societies to flourish.
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h.
| The tangible goods and the values, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs that are passed from one generation to another.
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i.
| General beliefs about characteristics that are presumed to be typical of each sex.
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j.
| A subpopulation of a species, defined according to an identifiable characteristic (e.g., geographic location, skin color, hair texture, genes, facial features).
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Match the following terms:
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Using the pulldown boxes, match each item on the left to the corresponding item at right.
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Empirical evidence |
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Naturalistic observation |
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Case study |
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Survey research |
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Correlational research |
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Experimental method |
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Experimenter bias |
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Dependent variable |
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Independent variable |
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Random sample |
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Representative sample |
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Sample |
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a.
| Research method involving the systematic study of animal or human behavior in natural settings rather than in the laboratory.
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b.
| Sample carefully chosen so that the characteristics of the participants correspond closely to the characteristics of the larger population.
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c.
| Expectations by the experimenter that might influence the results of an experiment or its interpretation.
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d.
| In an experiment, the variable that is measured to see how it is changed by manipulations in the independent variable.
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e.
| Sample in which each potential participant has an equal chance of being selected.
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f.
| Intensive description and analysis of a single individual or just a few individuals.
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g.
| In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated to test its effects on the other, dependent variables.
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h.
| Research technique based on the naturally occurring relationship between two or more variables.
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i.
| Selection of cases from a larger population.
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j.
| Research technique in which questionnaires or interviews are administered to a selected group of people.
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k.
| A research technique in which an investigator deliberately manipulates selected events or circumstances and then measures the effects of those manipulations on subsequent behavior.
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l.
| Information derived from systematic, objective observation.
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