Chapter 11: The Muscular System
Objectives
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Skeletal muscles have a remarkable ability to adapt to the demands placed on them. Intensive weight training and physical conditioning will
lead to an increase in the size and strength of the muscles being exercised. However, even the most dedicated bodybuilders cannot work on
developing all of the 700 or so skeletal muscles in the human body. Instead, they concentrate on the largest, most prominent muscles responsible for
powerful movements of the axial and appendicular skeletons. This chapter will introduce those skeletal muscles and the movements they perform.
CHAPTER OUTLINE AND OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTION
BIOMECHANICS AND MUSCLE ANATOMY
Organization of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Levers
1. Describe the arrangement of fascicles in the various types of muscles, and explain the resulting functional differences.
2. Describe the classes of levers and how they make muscles more efficient.
MUSCLE TERMINOLOGY
Origins and Insertions
Actions
Names of Skeletal Muscles
Axial and Appendicular Muscles
3. Predict the actions of a muscle on the basis of the relative positions of its origin and insertion.
4. Explain how muscles interact to produce or oppose movements.
5. Explain how the name of a muscle can help identify its location, appearance, and/or function.
THE AXIAL MUSCLES
Muscles of the Head and Neck
Muscles of the Vertebral Column
Oblique and Rectus Muscles
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
6. Identify the principal axial muscles of the body together with their origins, insertions, actions, and innervation.
THE APPENDICULAR MUSCLES
Muscles of the Shoulders and Upper Limbs
Muscles of the Pelvis and Lower Limbs
7. Identify the principal appendicular muscles of the body together with their origins, insertions, actions, and innervation.
8. Compare the major muscle groups of the upper and lower limbs, and relate their differences to their functional roles.