The layer of vascular tissue that consists of an endothelial lining and an underlying layer of connective tissue dominated by elastic fibers is the:

Smooth muscle fibers in arteries and veins are found in the:

One of the major characteristics of the arteries supplying peripheral tissues is that they are:

The only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluids are:

The unidirectional flow of blood in venules and medium-sized veins is maintained by:

The "specialized" arteries that are able to tolerate the pressure shock produced each time ventricular systole occurs and blood leaves the heart are:

Of the following blood vessels, the greatest resistance to blood flow occurs in the:

The distinctive sounds of Korotkoff heard when taking the blood pressure are produced by:

The two major factors affecting blood flow rates are:

The most important determinant of peripheral resistance is:

From the following selections, choose the answer that correctly identifies all the factors which would increase blood pressure. (Note: CO cardiac output; SV = stroke volume; VR = venous return; PR peripheral resistance; BV = blood volume.)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) reduces blood volume and pressure by:

The central regulation of cardiac output primarily involves the activities of the:

An increase in cardiac output normally occurs during:

Stimulation of the vasomotor center in the medulla causes and inhibition of:

The three primary interrelated changes that occur as exercise begins are:

The only area of the body where the blood supply is unaffected while exercising at maximum levels is the:

The three elastic arteries that originate along the aortic arch and deliver blood to the head, neck, shoulders, and arms are the:

The large blood vessel that collects most of the venous blood from organs below the diaphragm is the:

The three blood vessels that provide blood to all of the digestive organs in the abdominopelvic cavity are the: