Chapter 4: Society
Multiple Choice



1.  

What did Gerhard Lenski and Jean Lenski study?

sociobiology
class conflict
sociocultural evolution
postindustrialism


2.  

According to Gerhard Lenski and Jean Lenski, we may witness the end of hunting and gathering societies on earth by the year

2000.
2050.
2100.
2150.


3.  

What is the technology of using hand tools to cultivate plants called?

pastoralism
agriculture
horticulture
industrialism


4.  

At what point did men take over the dominant role in food production?

discovery of agriculture
discovery of industrialism
discovery of horticulture
discovery of pastoralism


5.  

Which of the following types of societies was the most recent to emerge?

agrarian
industrial
horticultural
postindustrial


6.  

In postindustrial society, information is fast replacing objects as the center of our economy. However, our legal notions about property are still based on tangible things. This illustrates the concept of

cultural lag.
false consciousness.
social conflict.
organic solidarity.


7.  

The Kaska Indians of Canada, the Semai of Malaysia, and the Aborigines of Australia each live in a(n)

agrarian society.
horticultural-pastoral society.
hunting and gathering society.
postindustrial society.


8.  

Which of the following is an example of an agrarian society?

Bushmen of southwestern Africa
Middle Eastern societies about 5000 B.C.E.
Kaska Indians of Canada
Egypt during construction of the Great Pyramids


9.  

What social institution did Karl Marx view as a society's foundation or social infrastructure?

religion
family
economic system
political system


10.  

Marx's vision of a system by which people share more or less equally in the production of food and other material goods is called

theocracy.
aristocracy.
communism.
democracy.


11.  

What term did Karl Marx use to refer to working people's tendency to blame themselves for their misery?

class consciousness
class conflict
false consciousness
anomie


12.  

Karl Marx's idea that industrial capitalism renders work competitive exemplifies capitalism alienating workers from what?

products of work
human potential
act of working
other workers


13.  

Max Weber contended that industrial capitalism is the legacy of the religious doctrine of

Calvinism.
Catholicism.
Judaism.
Jainism.


14.  

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Weber's rational social organization?

Small-scale organizations
Technical competence
Personal discipline
Impersonality


15.  

According to the Lenskis' model of sociocultural evolution, how have societies changed?

Societies differ primarily in terms of social conflict.
Societies differ primarily in terms of changing technology.
Preindustrial societies have a traditional outlook while modern societies have a rational world view.
Traditional societies are characterized by mechanical solidarity based on moral likeness, whereas industrial societies are characterized by organic solidarity based on specialization.


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