Chapter 9: World Hunger and Poverty
Essays (for Garrett Hardin's "Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor")



1.  

What are the strengths and weaknesses of using a spaceship metaphor to describe our current global situation with respect to resources? Describe the lifeboat metaphor with which Hardin suggests we replace the spaceship metaphor. What are the strengths of this metaphor? In what ways might it be misleading?



2.  

What are the three options that wealthy nations have when it comes to deciding how many people to let in and how many resources to let out? Why, specifically, does Hardin reject the two options he rejects? Are you satisfied that his objections to those options are decisive? Can you see any other options besides the third option (the one he regards as correct)? What criticisms do you think apply to Hardin's choice of options? Do you agree with him? Why or why not?



3.  

How do reproductive rates figure in Hardin's decision to reject the ethics of sharing? What is the "tragedy of the commons," and how does it figure in his rejection of the ethics of sharing? What, according to Hardin, should be "one of the major tasks of education today?" Do you agree? Explain.



4.  

How does Hardin address the "kindhearted liberal" objection that poor people can't help being poor, that poor people should not be blamed for the ill preparations of their governments? How is his response connected to his views on the wisdom of creating a World Food Bank? Be sure to explain the concept of "World Food Bank." Who are some of the people who support a World Food Bank? Do you support such an approach to global hunger? Why or why not?



5.  

What is the Green Revolution? Does Hardin support it and similar movements? Why or why not? Do you agree with the statement made by Alan Gregg regarding the wisdom of movements like the Green Revolution (be sure to include his statement in your essay)? Why or why not?



6.  

Why, according to Hardin, are people in wealthy countries uncomfortable limiting immigration or even talking about doing so? How does Hardin attempt to deflect that worry? Why is he even more worried about liberal immigration policies than he is worried about world food banks? How does he respond to people who demand to know how we can justify "slamming the door" once we're inside? Do you agree with his views on immigration? Why or why not?



7.  

What does Hardin mean when he says "the concept of pure justice produces an infinite regression to absurdity?" Where do you think we should "draw the line" in terms of property rights? What objections do you anticipate to your view, and how will you respond to them?


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