THE WORLD OF SHAKA ZULU: TURMOIL

AND TRANSFORMATION IN AFRICA (1770-1870)

Concepts: The teacher should direct the students' attention to the following: jihad states of West Africa, centralized monarchies of the Guinea coast, Muhammad Ali's impact on Egypt, Zanzibar and East African trade, Ethiopia's Christian heritage and political revival, centralization in Central Africa, Shaka Zulu and the mfecane states, structural changes in Africa, state building, commercial networks, community and society in Africa, African society at a crossroads.

Facts: Students should be able to identify the following: jihad states, Sokoto Caliphate, Fulani people, Usman dan Fodio, Ashanti Confederacy, asantehene, Muhammad Ali Pasha, Zanzibar, Sayyid Said, Ethiopia, Menelik II, Zulus, Shaka Zulu, impi, mfecane. Tippu Tip.

How did the ancient Muslim practice of jihad or holy war lead to the formation of new centralized states in West Africa? How does the Sokoto Caliphate illustrate this process?

Outline the re-emergence of Ethiopia. How did the Christian religion play a part in the survival of this ancient people?

Discuss the general patterns of state building and state power in Africa during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Discuss the evolving African economy during the nineteenth century, with particular emphasis on commercial growth

Open Question: In what ways did African realities on the eve of Western penetration of the continent differ significantly from Western ideas about African society? How do you explain the difference between African reality and Western perception?

TIMELINE:

African Kingdoms and Peoples of the 18^th and 19^th Centuries: (p. 472) What European countries were present in Africa by 1880? Be able to locate: Fulani Empire, Ashanti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Zulu, Tippu Tip's domain.