1.
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The type of socialization that emphasizes synthesis, creativity, and advanced knowledge is ___________.
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| resocialization |
| primary socialization |
| secondary socialization |
| none of the above |
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2.
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In which type of societies do almost all members receive the same type of socialization?
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| advanced |
| associational |
| communal |
| none of the above |
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3.
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Which of the following is true of childhood?
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| it is a period romanticized as a time of playful innocence |
| by its end, the elementary aspects of formal learning have been completed |
| ethnicity, race, and class make a difference in the course of childhood |
| all of the above are aspects of childhood |
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4.
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Adolescence became a separate stage of the life course in American society:
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| when World War II required a decision be reached about the draft age. |
| when in the nineteenth century the forces of industrialization created a surplus of workers |
| because in the 1950s Dr. Spock argued that the developmental tasks of the teenager differed from those of subteens |
| because of local laws requiring mandatory education until the age of 16 years |
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5.
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At the beginning of this stage, people emphasize new relationships and egoistic accomplishments. At the end of the stage they emphasize closeness and compassion in social relations. Which stage is this?
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| adolescence |
| adulthood |
| old age |
| very old age |
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6.
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Which of the following is usually a child's first introduction to an informal agent of socialization?
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| family |
| school |
| mass media |
| none of the above |
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7.
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Which agent of socialization becomes more important during adolescence and less important during adulthood?
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| mass media |
| religion |
| peer group |
| school |
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8.
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According to C.H. Cooley, our image of ourselves is based partially on the way we think others see us. He called this:
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| role taking |
| role making |
| looking-glass self |
| moral socialization |
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9.
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According to G.H. Mead, the stage in which children do not have an independent identity and are not capable of taking any roles is called:
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| role taking |
| game stage |
| moral socialization |
| imitation |
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10.
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Which of the following is stressed by Symbolic Interaction theory?
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| our genetic heritage is a source of motivation for our behavior |
| symbols and meanings in relationships and social interaction |
| human behavior is objective rather than subjective |
| symbols which are grounded in our biology |
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11.
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In which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development do people incorporate societal rules and expectations into their own value system?
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| postconventional stage |
| autonomic stage |
| heteronomous stage |
| conventional stage |
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12.
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In which of Piaget's stages of moral development does a child learn that rules are flexible?
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| heteronomous |
| preconventional |
| conventional |
| autonomic |
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13.
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Which of the following does Carol Gilligan argue in the study of the moral development of men and women?
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| women approach morality as an obligation to exercise care, to satisfy needs, and to avoid hurting people |
| men view morality as governed by preset rules and laws |
| women and men approach morality from different perspectives |
| Carol Gilligan argues all of the above |
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14.
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Any violation of a widely held norm is called:
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| crime |
| law violation |
| deviance |
| delinquency |
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15.
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Which of the following are agents of external social control?
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| family |
| Federal Bureau of Investigation |
| Internal Revenue Service |
| all of the above are agents of external social control |
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16.
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Sociopaths are people who have:
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| no external social control |
| no peer groups |
| no internal social control |
| none of the above |
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17.
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Why is deviance high in associational societies?
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| They are very diverse and rules are not always adequate to prevent deviance. |
| internal controls are strong |
| people are socialized into long-standing traditions and cannot imagine breaking them |
| Punishment is swift, harsh, and to the point. |
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18.
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Punishments for norm violations in communal societies are often:
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| mild and aimed at restoring social harmony |
| swift, harsh, and to the point |
| deferred until the violator has an opportunity to make restitution |
| based on an ancient system of formal laws and social controls |
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19.
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Which theory argues that if people define a person as deviant, that person may internalize the definition and behave accordingly?
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| labeling |
| cultural transmission |
| differential association |
| strain |
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20.
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Which theory argues that deviant behavior is learned through interaction with others?
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| strain |
| conflict |
| labeling |
| cultural transmission |
