Chapter 1: What is Sociology?
Multiple Choice


This section will test your knowledge of key terms in Chapter 1.


1.  

What is the term for an objective and judicious approach to empirical evidence?

theory
scientific method
science
none of the above


2.  

The relatively permanent components of society, such as family and government, are called:

social interaction
social structure
sociological imagination
sociological viewpoint


3.  

Which sociologist warned that the cost of increased rationality in society included bureaucracies' inability to replace the warmth of an extended family?

Durkheim
Marx
Martineau
Weber


4.  

According to Marx, assembly line workers see their job as repetitive and boring, and they feel a lack of control over their work. This is known as:

anomie
verstehen
alienation
organic solidarity


5.  

Durkheim was concerned that the Industrial Revolution would cause which social condition?

anomie
mechanical solidarity
manifest function
none of the above


6.  

In small farming villages the division of labor is simple and the residents share similar values. This is an example of:

anomie
mechanical solidarity
organic solidarity
verstehen


7.  

Kevin is a plummer who lives in a complex industrial society. When his car breaks down he seeks the help of a mechanic. According to Durkheim, what connects Kevin to other members of his society?

mechanical solidarity
anomie
organic solidarity
alienation


8.  

Which perspective views society as an organism in which each part functions to maintain the cohesion of the whole?

Structural Functionalism
Conflict
Symbolic Interaction
none of the above


9.  

Originally, the purpose of summer break for school children was to allow them to help on the family farm. Which term is best described by this situation?

latent function
manifest function
dysfunction
none of the above


10.  

Though most American children no longer live on farms, schools continue to be closed in summer. One result of this is that millions of American families plan their yearly vacations in the summer. This is an example of:

manifest function
latent function
dysfunction
none of the above


11.  

In studying social order, which perspective would examine the power relationships between those who make laws and those who are punished by the laws?

Structural Functionalism
Conflict
Symbolic Interaction
Strain


12.  

Which perspective views social change as a regular feature of social life that often occurs due to struggles between the powerful and powerless?

Structural Functionalism
Conflict
Symbolic Interaction
none of the above


13.  

Surveys and controlled experiments are tools used by which research method?

quantitative
numerology
qualitative
life history


14.  

Which describes a sample that contains the same proportions of a given characteristic as that of the population?

random sample
snowball sample
representative sample
none of the above


15.  

Dr. Brown designs an experiment to test the effect of taking a women's studies class on attitudes toward women. He divides the participants into two groups: one that takes the class and one that does not. The group that does not take the class is called the:

random sample group
control group
representative group
experimental group


16.  

In which of the following sampling techniques does everyone in the population have an equal chance of selection?

random
representative
controlled
experimental


17.  

The Literary Digest poll predicted that in the 1936 election the Republican presidential candidate would beat the Democratic candidate. What caused this error?

the sample of respondents was biased
it asked the wrong questions
the control group was faulty
there was a computer glitch in the analysis


18.  

Which of the following was NOT part of the set of guidelines created by the American Sociological Association to protect people involved in research?

the participant must be informed of the researcher's institutional affiliation
the identity of the respondent must be completely anonymous
the participant must be informed of the purpose of the research
All of the above


19.  

The ability to control the behavior of others, even against their will, is called:

dominance
power
verstehen
solidarity


20.  

Which sociologist created two subdivisions for sociology: applied sociology and pure sociology?

Harriet Martineau
W.E.B. Dubois
Lester F. Ward
Albion Small


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