Distinguish between colonization, infection, and disease.

What characteristics of the skin make it a difficult site for bacteria to grow? In what regions of the skin can bacteria proliferate?

Discuss the conditions that are necessary for tooth decay to occur What type of bacterial activities are essential for this process?

What mechanisms keep the lungs a microbially sterile environment?

Cite three pieces of evidence that the normal bacterial flora are beneficial to the host in terms of nutrition and defense against pathogenic bacteria.

What environmental factors can make an individual more susceptible to infection?

What role does inflammation have in enhancing the resistance of host?

What factors determine whether an E. coli strain will be an intestinal pathogen?

Describe the mechanism of action of four enzymes that act as virulence factors for bacteria.

Contrast the chemical composition and mechanism of action of endotoxins and exotoxins.

How does cholera toxin cause diarrhea?