What physical, chemical, and biological processes are involved in the formation of soil from rock?
Why do the bottom layers of some bodies of water become depleted of oxygen?
What methods are used to measure concentration gradients of oxygen, pH, and hydrogen sulfide that occur over distances of mm?
Explain why sulfate-reducing bacteria are responsible for the terminal reactions of anaerobic decomposition in marine environments rather than methanogenic bacteria.
Discuss the reactions involved in the formation of acid mine drainage. How can acid runoff from mining sites be prevented?
What mechanisms do microorganisms use to detoxify mercury compounds?
Why do some herbicides and pesticides persist for extended periods of time in soil?
Discuss three mechanisms by which plants defend themselves against microbial infections.
What steps are involved in the formation of a crown gall tumor in a plant. Which of these steps require the presence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens?
What steps are involved in the formation of a root nodule in a legume. Which of these steps require the presence of bacteria?
